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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common disorder of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and substance abuse as well as significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Medicines Many people with ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning when they take medication. It is essential that those who suffer from ADHD discover the right combination of medications that is effective for them. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication used once per day to reduce the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants such as desipramine. This class of medications can be used by itself or in conjunction with stimulants to boost their effects. They may also increase the danger of serious side effects, including rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These medications, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, have an calming effect and are able to improve focus and decrease the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among some adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure when they are abruptly removed or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD and resentment toward co-workers, supervisors teachers, family members and others who might nag or criticize them. In addition, marriage and family counseling can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy The primary goal of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to teach strategies and techniques that enhance performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can help those with ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the feeling of inadequacy they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking, feeling and acting. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been shown to be effective in treating various illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments or on its own. CBT could include group therapy, which can be particularly helpful for adults with ADHD as it offers the chance to connect with others who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via phone. One study examined the effects of CBT against traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report measures of functioning, symptoms and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with a variety modalities including interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. problem-solving training, and mindfulness mediation. However, caution is required in comparing the efficacy of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is likely that variations in the outcomes are due to a variety of variables, including treatment characteristics, measures employed and the background of the patient. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a technique that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas in the brain that there is too much or too little activity, and teaching the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy techniques which can improve a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive and negative behavior that can create difficulties at school or at work. In some cases, psychotherapy is used as an alternative to medication for adult ADHD treatment for adults. Patients with comorbid disorders such as depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder should be assessed to ensure their symptoms aren't aggravated through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, have to be treated more aggressively as they are at a higher risk of complications from medication. In- adhd in adults untreated could be recommended if the person's ADHD is so severe that it significantly hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer an organized treatment that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, aids adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive functioning. It helps them understand and express their emotions and utilizes exercises and worksheets to make the lessons engaging. Meditation training that is mindful enhances CBT and improves a person's ability to focus and control their emotions. It improves the ability of a person to manage anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotional issues that could be causing their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and could result in financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues will help you improve your self-esteem and solve the underlying issues. It can also help you develop healthy ways of coping. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD and teaches them how to change their negative beliefs and behaviors. It is focused on teaching techniques for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions which can lead to negative moods and the perception of a limited number of options. Many adults with ADHD also have comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric disorders can reduce or exacerbate the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. It is recommended to first treat the most severe comorbidity and then monitor the response to the medication before treating the other condition. Occupational therapy can help you learn how to manage your life and work, create regular routines, manage your time and money and build confidence in yourself. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that could reduce your hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by stabilizing your body in various poses. Counseling for families and marriage can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they create for their spouses, kids and others. They frequently complain that they are unstable, unorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. You can strengthen relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can aid you and your family members understand that the problem is caused by ADHD, rather than the lack of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medication interventions. There are a range of medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Some of these medications have been tested in trials. These studies have highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the medications. Adults suffering from ADHD may have the same symptoms that children do, but it is difficult to determine since childhood symptoms may not persist in adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their families or may not be aware of having symptoms. It is crucial to take a thorough medical history to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness, like thyroid issues or sleep apnea, and vision problems. Adult medications for ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medication for treating adults with ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80% range. The most popular stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate can also be administered via a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that target dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic and has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose drug and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL, another antidepressant, has been proven to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist that works by blocking norepinephrine reuptake at the presynaptic transporter and increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been proven to improve the mood of adults and reduce hyperactivity, however it's not as effective at improving cognitive function or concentration as stimulants.